The first CDJs were released back in the mid-1990’s. During that decade the availability of dance music on CDs increased, and so did the demand for CD turntables which emulated the look and feel of DJ turntables.
Once the first CDJ was released many more DJs started to use CDs in their mixsets. Because DJ’ing with CDs had many advantages. You see, DJing with vinyl is difficult. Turntables are hard to mix with because they have WOW and flutter which causes tempo fluctuations. Also, if you wanted to take a few hundred records to a gig it meant you had to carry a couple of hernia inducing crates of vinyl.
Back in the ’90s, mixing with CDs was appealing to many DJ’s. After all, you could turn up with a wallet of CDs and have the equivalent number of tracks as a crate of vinyl – minus the weight. Also, CD decks didn’t suffer the same degree of tempo shift as vinyl decks – making them a little easier to mix on.
Pioneer wasn’t the first company to release a CD deck. Various designs were produced during the 80s and 90s by other manufacturers.
Dennon produced a popular CD deck – complete with jog wheels and cue buttons – during the early 90s. And many of these Dennon CD decks were popular with clubs and DJ’s. But it was the design and look of the first Pioneer CDJ which really caught on and became popular.
The early CDJs had a slight look and familiarity of a vinyl DJ’ing turntable. And, unbeknown to Pioneer at the time, the company had set the standard for present and future DJ CD decks.
Since the first designs these CD decks have come a long way. Today’s CDJs are far more complex than the early models. And the players now come with a range of features and abilities. But their actual look still bears a resemblance to the earliest CDJs. And, as the design of the Pioneer decks became popular, other manufacturers started to follow the look and feel of the original CDJ 500s.
Modern CDJs will now play many other media types – namely USB sticks and SD cards. Recent CDJs can also be integrated with laptops and other devices which allow the storage of digital music (such as smartphones). And most CDJs come bundled with a plethora of sound effects built-in them too.
Table of Contents
Why is the CDJ the industry standard?
Industry standard doesn’t necessarily mean the best for every situation and the best for features. In fact, many complain that CDJs are expensive and they lack features which can be found on rival CD decks.
But what made the early CDJs popular was that they did the basics well. Namely, they were easy to use and reliable.
Even the early CDJs seemed to be able to stand the rigour and abuse which comes with club work. Also, this reputation has been reinforced because Pioneer’s build quality and reliability has been consistent over the decades. And this dependability has made them popular with DJ’s, clubs and PA companies over the years.
In a way, the things which made the Techniques 1200 popular with DJs are the same things which made the CDJs popular too. Chiefly, a simple yet reliable DJ’ing tool which can stand frequent use in difficult environments – like clubs, festivals, and live events.
What is an XDJ?
An XDJ is CD deck (made by Pioneer) which doesn’t have a CD slot built-in. To play your music files you’ll need to store them on a medium like a USB stick or an SD card. You can also play your music from your laptop using Pioneers Rekordbox.
XDJs are often cheaper than standard CDJs due to lack of a CD slot. They can be a great alternative for those looking for a pair of CDJs for home practice.
Many people complain that XDJs they feel cheap when compared to the latest CDJs. I think there’s some truth to this statement. However, I get the feeling that XDJ’s weren’t really designed for club installations, and they’re aimed at bedroom use. Therefore, the traditional CDJ build quality was sacrificed to keep costs down.
How to set up CDJs
There are a couple of ways you can set up CDJs and XDJs. The first (and obvious) way is to route the audio outputs of each CDJ to CD line inputs of your DJ mixer. And then load your music onto each deck, via CD or USB, and play away.
This was how you did it with the early CDJs. But the new decks have many more way they can be controlled. One of the main ways to operate them is via Pro DJ Link.
Pro DJ Link
Pro DJ Link is a protocol which allows you to connect two or more CDJs/XDJs to one another. Connecting the decks is done by an ethernet port which is located on the back of each deck.
Pro DJ Link allows the CDJ/XDJ to do things like:
- One CDJ acts as a master player. All other decks will maintain the same BPM as the master player.
- You can share BPM info, bars, and beat positions from the master to other players. Whilst maintaining sync.
- Allow the players to connect to and play music from your PC and Rekordbox. This is done using export mode.
- Share a single USB stick/SD card between players. This means you can have one storage device powering up to 5 CDJ/XDJs.
- Connect a mobile phone or tablet to a CDJ/XDJ and share the music on that device between all the decks.
- You can share track information between devices and even send this to the Internet. This needs to be done with the KUVO service from Pioneer.
- Some third-party applications can read and record Pro DJ Link protocol. This can be monitored, recorded and translated into MIDI or Ableton link protocol.
But Pro DJ Link is only compatible with Pioneer products. It doesn’t allow you to send MIDI data between musical devices. And it can’t be used to stream music to and from the Internet. And it won’t recognise the performance mode in Rekordbox. Syncing a CDJ/XDJ with Rekordbox is done via USB and not by Pro DJ Links ethernet connection.
What files and formats can you use with CDJs?
You can use multiple music file formats with the newer CDJs and XDJs. However, older CDJs don’t support some popular music format like FLACs.
Additionally, some CDJs models can be picky when it comes to compatible file types as well. One of the best ways to avoid this bug is to use Rekordbox when transferring music to your storage medium.
Below is a list of file formats and methods for playing your music with CDJs and XDJs. I’ve listed the advantages and disadvantages next to them.
- Wav files – These are lossless files, but they cannot store metadata: like artist, track title, and album artwork. However, they are widely compatible with most CDJs.
- AIFF files – lossless file type made by Apple. Support metadata and most CDJ/XDJs are will play them.
- FLAC – compressed and lossless music file type. Has metadata support. Compressed files take up less room on a storage device. However not all CDJs support this file format.
- ALAC – proprietary format made by Apple. Compressed file type like FLAC, means you can store more of them when compared with Wavs and AIFF files. However, not all CDJs and XDJs support it.
- MP3 – Lossy file format. Lossy means you lose some sound quality, but this results in smaller file size. Widely supported by most CDJs as it’s still the most common music file type.
- You can play different music file formats from a laptop to your CDJ and XDJs using Rekordbox.
At present, AIFF files and MP3 files offer the widest range of compatibility with CDJ and XDJs.
If you’re booked to play a gig using CDJs, it’s recommended that you try to find the model you’ll be playing on. Once you have your CDJ model you’ll be able to find out what file formats the deck can play.
To begin with download the manual for the CDJ. This should list the compatible file types. Also, try looking on some forums which DJ’s use. Forums can often provide you with valuable tips on the model of CDJ you’ll be using and any quirks it might have. Likewise, you can always ask other DJs on Facebook or in DJ equipment oriented Facebookgroups.
Audio file preparation tips
If you’re looking for something to convert your music try Foobar2000. It’s free and comes with a built-in converter which copies metadata between file formats.
Plus, Foobar can dither files too, meaning you can convert 32-bit files to 16-bit whilst preserving sound quality.
It’s also recommended that you correctly tag and add artwork to your music files too. It makes it much easier to navigate through your music collection when it’s loaded onto a CDJ. Also, make sure you tag your files before converting them.
However, if you have some Wav files to play, you will have to tag them after conversion. As Wavs don’t support metadata.
MP3tag is a great free programme for editing meta tags and adding artwork. It’s the one I like to use for this sort of work.
Once your files are in the right format and correctly tagged, import them to Rekordbox. It’s the best way to maximise the compatibility of music files with your CDJs and XDJs. And it minimises the chances of you having problems with music files once they’re loaded on the decks.
And once you’ve loaded your files, enable text mode on the deck. This means you’ll be able to see the artist and track name instead of just track 1, track 2, track 3, etc.
Using CDs with CDJs
Many DJs still use CDs for gigs when playing live. And other DJ’s like bring CDs with them as a backup.
If you’re thinking of using CD here’s some advice:
- You don’t have to burn traditional audio CDs. If you do this, you’ll only be able to fit roughly 12-15 songs per CD. Most players will play MP3 files from CD type discs. So, you can save the number of discs you need to create by burning MP3’s disc instead of CD audio files.
- MP3s are usually okay for most sound systems. But make sure you the best MP3 format possible – ideally 320k at a constant bit rate. If you plan to you master pitch and you’ll be pitching your records excessive amounts this is a much. If you’re the sort of DJ who really does use a lot of excessive pitching, consider using a lossless format as it will sound better.
- Certain models, like the CDJ 2000, support DVD data discs. But many other CDJs don’t. If in doubt consult the manual for the CDJ you plan to use. The last thing you need is to turn up to a gig with your music on an incompatible format.
- If you need something to burn CDs then check out CDBurnerXP as it’s free.
- Lastly, when playing using CDs set the eject button so the CD doesn’t pop out by accident. See the manual how to do this.
Using Rekordbox
If you’re DJ’ing with CDJ/XDJ, Rekordbox is a fantastic way to manage your music collection. It can do things like:
- Create playlists
- Organise your music
- Add cue points
- Creating preview waveforms
- Create loops
- It can turn your PC into a music storage device too. Newer CDJs can play their music directly from Rekordbox without the need to transfer it to the medium like USB or SD cards.
Basically, Rekordbox is like the iTunes for CDJ DJs. It provides a central storage location database for a DJs entire music collection. Plus, it’s free to use.
A word of warning: Rekordbox takes ages to export your music to storage mediums like USB or SD cards. So, when preparing your music for a gig, give yourself enough time to prepare music and storage devices. Don’t be trying to sort all your music and memory sticks an hour before your gig.
Using Serato and Traktor/HID
Both Serato and Traktor are compatible with CDJs because both these DVS (digital vinyl system) programmes support HID protocol.
If you plan on using a CDJ/XDJ with a timecode software system, you’ll need to enable HID in the CDJ/XD.
Additionally, you will need to have the DVS control system signal loaded into the CDJ player too.
A DVS signal is a long high-pitched frequency sound. And when you manipulate the turntable or CDJ this affects the pitch of the DVS tone. This, in turn, adjusts the audio files in Serato or Traktor. The results are that however you operate your DVS signal, your audio files are manipulated in the same way on your PC.
Below is a good video which will give you an overview of HID mode
What is the Master Tempo on a CDJ?
An important feature to understand on CDJs and XDJs is the Master Tempo feature. Most modern CDJs now have this feature built-in. The Master Tempo feature locks and preserves the pitch of the track even if the track is speeded up or down.
For example, without the Master Tempo enabled, the CDJ pitch will act in a similar way to the pitch on a turntable. Whereby, if you speed your music up the frequency will increase too. Additionally, your record will start to go out of key too, until its pitch reaches the next octave.
If you enable the CDJ/XDJs Master Tempo you lock the key at a fixed point. Even if you increase/decrease the BPM or speed of the record, the pitch and key will remain constant.
If you’re a DJ who likes to mix in key, or a Camelot wheel user, the Master Tempo can help. It will help you to avoid key clashes when mixing.
But the Master Tempo does degrade the audio quality the more it’s used. For example, try pitching your record to around +-5% and then switch the Master Tempo on/off. You will notice that your sound quality decreases when the Master Tempo is on – it’ll sound dull and a little choppy.
In fact, many DJs don’t use Master Tempo because they hate the sound it produces. However, newer CDJ/XDJ come with a better version of this pitch changing algorithm.
The best way to figure out if you can live with the problems Master Tempo produces is to try it yourself. As I said earlier, pitch a few records to about 5% and turn it on/off. Do you like what you hear? If not, you’ll have to figure out some alternative ways around your key problems. Or just don’t alter the tempos much when Master Tempo is switched on.
One tip: The better quality your audio files the better results you’ll get with Master Tempo. Lossless files will sound better than MP3. And, don’t even bother with MP3 with are less than 320k CBR.
How to scratch using CDJs or XDJs
If you wanted to scratch with CDJs and XDJs I suggest using slip mode. You can do some pretty cool stuff when you turn this function on. Another tip is to turn vinyl mode on (well duh!).
Another tip is to add cue points at various points of the track. Especially on isolated vocals parts. This can allow you to quickly switch between samples when scratching.
Also, experiment with switching the Master Tempo on and off when scratching. The Master Tempo will keep the key persistent when you scratch. This’ll sound good with certain things but poor with others. Make a note of what works and what doesn’t.
Just remember that scratching was created on vinyl. You cannot emulate every turntable scratch trick on CDJs/XDJs. They were never really designed for hardcore scratch DJs or battle competitions.
If you want something which really bridges the gap between CDJs, and scratch turntables consider getting a Rane Twelve (even I’ve got my eye on pair of these). Or even buy a turntable to practice on.
You can find many scratching tutorial online showing you get started cutting up records with a CDJ. Below is one to get you started.
Best flash drives for CDJs/XDJs
Not all USB sticks and SD cards are created equal.
At the time of writing this article, it’s still a good idea to stick to USB/SD cards which are 32 GB (or smaller).
Don’t buy the cheapest storage devices you can find. These days, even a reasonable quality USB/SD cards do not cost much.
Make sure you buy a decent brand (SanDisk or Kingston are often good) and buy sticks which can take abuse. You want sticks and cards which can withstand being carried around in a pocket with your phone and keys pressed against them. And memory cards which can be dumped into the bottom of a bag and not be best, damaged or broken.
Plus, always take a backup. If you usually DJ with two USB sticks, take four. Make sure the others have a copy of your music, cue points, grids, etc on these spares.
Ideally, try to buy USB3 sticks too. Because exporting music from Rekordbox is a slow process, using a USB3 will speed things up to a degree.
If you’re lucky enough to have to own or control the CDJ and XDJ you are using, you can update the device’s firmware. This will help to maximise the compatibility of your digital decks with your storage devices. By contrast, don’t expect a clubs CDJs to be running the latest firmware.
Lastly, use Rekordbox when transferring tracks, cue points, and other info, to your storage medium. Again, this should help to maximise the compatibility of your music and storage mediums.
How to get started with CDJs when you have a small budget
Many DJs want to learn how to use CDJs but can’t afford the very latest models. This isn’t surprising as the CDJ decks (which many clubs use) are £2000+ per deck. This is out of the league of most bedroom DJs.
One alternative is to buy an older pair of CDJs for practice. You can pick up a pair of CDJ 800s for around £500 a pair at the time of writing this article.
Also, Pioneer hardware maintains its resale value well. So, if your decks are in good working order you shouldn’t lose much money when you choose to sell them on.
Plus, it’s not a bad idea to get used to using older CDJs. Many clubs don’t have the latest and greatest models installed. It’s more challenging mixing with the older models because they lack many of the visual features like waveforms and BPM counters. So, you’ll have to mix and match BPMS the old fashion way. This is tough is you’ve never done it before, but if you persist it will make you a better DJ. Also, learning to beatmatch by ear will help you if you decided to have a go with vinyl turntables.
Alternatively, if you are desperate to practice on a pair of CDJs, you can rent them. Most cities have PA companies, and music equipment hire stores, where you can rent a pair of CDJs and mixer for a week. This can be a fast way to get some practice in if you’re desperate.
Over to you
Do you think I’ve missed an essential CDJ and XDJ tip? Why not share it in the comments below.
